FIB Applications: A Historical Perspective

The Local Limit Theorem: A Historical Perspective

The local limit theorem describes how the density of a sum of random variables follows the normal curve. However the local limit theorem is often seen as a curiosity of no particular importance when compared with the central limit theorem. Nevertheless the local limit theorem came first and is in fact associated with the foundation of probability theory by Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fer...

Description of the human races: A historical perspective

Cryo-FIB Minimizes Ga Milling Artifacts in Sn

Since FIB was first introduced, one of the major applications has been to mill site-specific crosssectioned sample surfaces [1]. This approach not only allows SEM access to the structural information buried under the surface, but it is also the first step of making TEM lamellae using FIB. Importantly, there are many reports of beam-induced damage due to FIB processing. Here, we report on artifa...

Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of Individual Carbon Nanotube Devices

Focused ion beam (FIB) techniques have found many applications in nanoscience and nanotechnology applications in recent years. However, not much work has been done using FIB to fabricate carbon nanotube devices. This is mainly due to the fact that carbon nanotubes are very fragile and energetic ion beam from FIB can easily damage the carbon nanotubes. Here we report the fabrication of carbon na...

Text Screening (Censorship) in Iran: A Historical Perspective

Censorship has a long history in Iran that has interfered with text production, i.e., original writing as well as translation. This phenomenon seems to have marked the borderline between the government and the ‘enlightened’ intellectuals throughout history in Iran. Different governments have delineated ‘redlines’ for authors and translators and dealt with these constructors of culture based on ...